C Programming - Operators

C operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. They are essential for performing arithmetic, logical, comparative, and many other operations.

Types Of Operators:

C operators are categorized in the following categories −

Operator Types

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational Operators: ==, !=, >, < , >=, < =
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
• Bitwise Operators: &, |, ^, ~, < < , >>
• Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
• Increment/Decrement Operators: ++, —

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Operator Precedence & Associativity:

In Programming Languages, the associativity of an operator is a property that determines how operators of same precedence are grouped together in the absence of parenthesis.

Operator	Associativity	Description
++, --	Right to Left	Increment, Decrement
*, /, %	Left to Right	Multiplication, Division
+, -	Left to Right	Addition, Subtraction
==, !=	Left to Right	Equality, Inequality
&&	Left to Right	Logical AND
=	Right to Left	Assignment

Assignment Operator:

The assignment operator is used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Example	Meaning
=	x = y	Assign y to x
+=	x += y	x = x + y
-=	x -= y	x = x - y
*=	x *= y	x = x * y
/=	x /= y	x = x / y
%=	x %= y	x = x % y
&=	x &= y	x = x & y
^=	x ^= y	x = x ^ y
<<=	x <<= y	x = x << y
>>=	x >>= y	x = x >> y

Bitwise Operators:

Operate on individual bits of data.

• & (AND)
• | (OR)
• ^ (XOR)
• ~ (NOT)
• << (left shift)
• >> (right shift)

Logical Operator

• Logical AND (&&):
  • Returns true if both operands are true.
• Logical OR (||):
  • Returns true if at least one of the operands is true.
• Logical NOT (!):
  • Returns true if the operand is false.

Code Example Of Operators :

operators.c

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 5, result;
    int x = 1, y = 0;

    // Arithmetic Operators
    result = a + b;
    printf("Addition: %d + %d = %d\n", a, b, result);

    result = a - b;
    printf("Subtraction: %d - %d = %d\n", a, b, result);

    result = a * b;
    printf("Multiplication: %d * %d = %d\n", a, b, result);

    result = a / b;
    printf("Division: %d / %d = %d\n", a, b, result);

    result = a % b;
    printf("Modulus: %d %% %d = %d\n", a, b, result);

    // Relational Operators
    printf("a > b: %d\n", a > b);
    printf("a < b: %d\n", a < b);
    printf("a == b: %d\n", a == b);
    printf("a != b: %d\n", a != b);

    // Logical Operators
    printf("x && y: %d\n", x && y); // AND
    printf("x || y: %d\n", x || y); // OR
    printf("!x: %d\n", !x);         // NOT

    // Assignment Operators
    result = a;      // Assignment
    result += 5;     // result = result + 5
    printf("Result after += 5: %d\n", result);

    result *= 2;     // result = result * 2
    printf("Result after *= 2: %d\n", result);

    return 0;
}

Output

Addition: 10 + 5 = 15
Subtraction: 10 - 5 = 5
Multiplication: 10 * 5 = 50
Division: 10 / 5 = 2
Modulus: 10 % 5 = 0
a > b: 1
a < b: 0
a == b: 0
a != b: 1
x && y: 0
x || y: 1
!x: 0
Result after += 5: 15
Result after *= 2: 30